Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
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The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) is a widely used biochemistry assay that detects ligands (often proteins) in liquid samples. It employs antigens or antibodies to bind to specific ligands immobilized on a solid surface, typically a polystyrene microtiter plate with 96 wells. The ELISA technique plays a crucial role in diagnosing autoimmune and Infectious Diseases and provides valuable insights for patient management.
About Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
The ELISA reaction relies on the specific interaction between antibodies and antigens. Wells in ELISA plates are coated with test-specific antigens. After a wash cycle removes excess and non-specifically bound antibodies, a secondary antibody with an enzyme detects the generated immune complex. Another wash cycle removes excess of the enzyme conjugate before a colorless substrate is added and converted into a colored product by the enzyme. The color intensity is measured photometrically. It is proportional to the antibody activity in the sample. A standardized master curve is used for evaluation. Antibody activities of unknown samples are derived from their optical signals via the recalibrated standard curve.
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