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Effects of hemoglobin C, D, E and S traits on measurements of hemoglobin A1c by twelve methods

Hemoglobin C, D Punjab, E or S trait can interfere with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) results depending on the method of analysis used. Therefore, it is important to know the limitations of the method used for HbA1c determination.

Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is widely used for diabetes monitoring and diagnosis. As HbA1c results play a key role in clinical decision-making, analytical accuracy is essential to ensure appropriate patient management.

Hemoglobin variants can interfere with HbA1c measurements obtained with some assay methods. Common variants such as Hb S, Hb C, Hb E and Hb D-Punjab may lead to falsely elevated or falsely decreased HbA1c results. Clinically significant interference can result in inappropriate treatment decisions, including over-treatment with an increased risk of hypoglycemia or under-treatment associated with prolonged hyperglycemia and diabetes-related complications. In addition, inaccurate HbA1c results may impact the diagnosis of diabetes.

Hemoglobin variants are not uncommon and may be encountered in routine laboratory practice, particularly in regions with ethnically diverse populations. It is therefore important for laboratories to understand the susceptibility of HbA1c methods to variant interference and to select methods that have been demonstrated to provide accurate results in the presence of common hemoglobin variants. In this study, several methods, including capillary electrophoresis (CE) systems, showed no clinically significant interference from Hb S, Hb C, Hb E or Hb D-Punjab traits.

HbA1c-2_Publication

Test associated with this resource

  • HbA1c

    • Capillary Electrophoresis
    • Diabetes

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